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Debating Consumer Durables, Luxury and Social Inequality in Poland during the System Transition
(2017)
Globale Daten in lokalen Speichern. Ethnographische infrastrukturelle Zugänge zum World Wide Web
(2015)
Wie in anderen Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaften so ist auch in der Europäischen Ethnologie das Interesse an den materiellen Dimensionen des sozialen und kulturellen Lebens im letzten Jahrzehnt gestiegen. So wurde zum einen im Sinne der bereits vor Jahren im Fach angestoßenen Diskussion die Betrachtung von Dingen als bloßen Repräsentationen und Symbolen gesellschaftlicher Prozesse und Phänomene als unzureichend kritisiert und die Eigenständigkeit von materiellen Objekten sowie die wissens- und realitätsstiftenden Funktionen ihrer Materialität hervorgehoben. Zum anderen erstarkte in der Fachdiskussion das Bewusstsein, dass die Betrachtung von einzelnen Dingen in lokalen Kontexten nicht immer ausreicht, um soziokulturelle Prozesse in der globalisierten Welt zu verstehen und ethnographisch zu greifen. Diese verengte Perspektive muss durch ein breiteres, relationales Verständnis von Materialität und um die Untersuchung komplexer, grenzüberschreitender sozio-materieller Konstellationen ergänzt werden.
Globale Daten in lokalen Speichern. Ethnographische infrastrukturelle Zugänge zum World Wide Web
(2015)
Wie in anderen Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaften so ist auch in der Europäischen Ethnologie das Interesse an den materiellen Dimensionen des sozialen und kulturellen Lebens im letzten Jahrzehnt gestiegen. So wurde zum einen im Sinne der bereits vor Jahren im Fach angestoßenen Diskussion die Betrachtung von Dingen als bloßen Repräsentationen und Symbolen gesellschaftlicher Prozesse und Phänomene als unzureichend kritisiert und die Eigenständigkeit von materiellen Objekten sowie die wissens- und realitätsstiftenden Funktionen ihrer Materialität hervorgehoben. Zum anderen erstarkte in der Fachdiskussion das Bewusstsein, dass die Betrachtung von einzelnen Dingen in lokalen Kontexten nicht immer ausreicht, um soziokulturelle Prozesse in der globalisierten Welt zu verstehen und ethnographisch zu greifen. Diese verengte Perspektive muss durch ein breiteres, relationales Verständnis von Materialität und um die Untersuchung komplexer, grenzüberschreitender sozio-materieller Konstellationen ergänzt werden.
Privatization has recently been regarded as one of the most important historical changes since the 1970s. It has affected public enterprises and lead to a marketization of state and society on a global scale, a phenomenon which has been regarded as inevitable. This review article addresses, firstly, how privatization has been implemented as a political model and secondly, how it has been publicly constructed as an inevitable process both nationally and locally. Furthermore, the essay highlights how privatization has influenced the relationship between state, market and civil society and examines the way the differentiation between public and private sphere has been obliterated.
The role of think tanks and consultant networks, the counter movements, and the experiences of people being subject to their enterprises’ or institutions’ privatization are discussed as a closing comment, suggesting new perspectives of historical research on privatization.
Quelle: Verlag
This article examines policies and practices related to Turkish teachers in West German schools in the 1970s and 1980s. Different stakeholders in Turkish education in West Germany – school administrators, parents, consular officials, and the teachers themselves – understood the role of these teachers in different ways over time, reflecting contrasting and shifting notions about the knowledge teachers were expected to pass on to Turkish pupils. In the late 1970s, West German officials began to privilege teachers’ status as migrants capable of modeling their own successful integration for pupils, reflecting new assumptions about Turks in West Germany and their futures in the country.
„Eine Militärgeschichte von unten" ist der Untertitel eines Sammelbandes zum „Krieg der kleinen Leute", den der Freiburger Militärhistoriker Wolfram Wette 1992 herausgegeben hat. Beide Titel des Buches, mittlerweile in der zweiten Auflage erschienen, klingen griffig-programma1isch; und so sind sie uuch gemeint. Die Militärgeschichte - das ist ihre Botschaft - wurde hisher immer nur in der Perspekive von oben betrieben; sie beschränkte sich auf die Analyse von Schlachten, die Taten einzelner Heerfuhrer und eine mehr oder weniger vom Objekt faszinierte Darstellung der eingesetzten Waffen.
Early twentieth-century managers identified the human factor in industry as one of the crucial problems of their time. This article reviews recent research on the development from unsystematic labour management to human resources management. Current studies transcend the well-known labour process debate, which focussed on management’s intent to control workers.Growing concern is laid on the fact that some early twentieth-century employers already practised strategies, which are characteristic of post-Fordism, e. g. that it would be more important to utilise individuals than control them with discipline. Studies on scientific management, social engineering, and the human relations approach are reviewed. Furthermore, I shall discuss the question which ones of these concepts were in fact adapted on work floor level. However, it has been proved that regimes of workforce government due to the power of foremen and supervisors were partly independent of higher management’s strategies.
This articles shows from a gender perspective how in twentieth century Germany the sciences of work dealt with the problems of the factory’s spatial order and the human factor. Starting in the 1920s, workers were no longer regarded as mere objects of discipline but rather as individuals whose individuality was to be utilized. As the women workforce grew, also the scientists’ of work interest in the gender question gained significance. Consequently, ergonomics argued for workplace engineering and a new form of leadership that took special care of “psychological and aesthetic” female needs. Therefore, the discourse on humanizing work, becoming hegemonic after 1945, had gender roots usually neglected by historical research.
The ideological lines between the conservation movement and the Nazi regime have received much attention. This article explores a new perspective by focusing on the level of practical politics. After several setbacks and disappointments since 1933, the passage of the national conservation law in 1935 became the crucial turning point. The law instilled a secular boom of conservation work, which lasted until about 1940, nourishing an atmosphere of almost unlimited enthusiasm for the Nazi regime in conservation circles. At the same time, conservationists were crossing sensitive thresholds in their desire to use the law to
the greatest extent possible.
This article evaluates a variety of recent attempts to conceptualize a historyof innovations from the perspective of social history. Special emphasis is given toapproaches arguing for a paradigm shift from innovation systems to innovationcultures, in particular by focussing on users as co-designers of technology. Theconcept of the co-construction of technology has been implemented especially in thethematic field of the integration and disintegration of Europe. The growing circulationof scientific knowledge and technical goods resulted in the “invention of European-ness” in the long 20th century. This article contributes to the discussion by examiningscientifically constructed user projections in the American and German automobileindustries.