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With the pictures of bombing, ruins, and death coming from Syria, Marwa Al-Sabouni looks at the role of architecture and planning in the protracted conflict. In a first-hand account from the war-ravaged city of Homs, she tells the story of her native city, illustrated by her own drawings and autobiography. The book consists of six chapters, or six battles, and brings together the role of politics of urban planning, heritage, forced displacement and refugee crisis. The foreword of the book is written by the British philosopher Sir Roger Scruton, followed by a preface to the new edition by the author, and an introduction. The final part of the book includes, in addition to notes and acknowledgement, a historical timeline with the main events in Syria’s modern history, and a discussion guide for a deeper understanding of the Syrian society.
“Legacy in Stone” is tantamount to a time machine back through Syria’s historical landscape: a scenery that cannot be experienced again. Bubriski’s black and white photographs are moving messages from the past, sent into a future that has not yet been resolved. Since March 2011, images of destruction, death and terror coming from Syria have been flooding news broadcasts and social media feeds. Kevin Bubriski’s photographs taken back in 2003 are testimonies of what once existed.
Protest is a form of expressing one’s opinions. It allows people who share the same view(s) to rightfully assemble with others to voice complaints and ideas. Bubriski’s book, “Our Voices, Our Streets: American Protests 2001-2011”, looks back at that decade through photographs united by common denominators: the lens of the Hasselblad camera and the public stage of the American streets.
As a photographer, artist and expert in geopolitics, Emeric Lhuisset has a remarkable understanding of human tragedies and areas of conflict. Through his projects in various areas of conflict he opposes the abridged representation of these tragedies; shows hidden aspects of wars; and invites us to re-think war through art. The work of Lhuisset takes up historical and political narratives in their context. The following two projects by Emeric Lhuisset recall tragedies and intervene in spaces where drastic events have taken place.
“Humans of Damascus” – The (Other) Art of Community (Building). An Interview with Rania Kataf
(2019)
In his inspiring book “The Art of Community”, Charles H. Vogl goes through the principles of belonging: initiation, boundaries, symbols, rituals, stories, temple and inner rings. These seven time-tested principles for emerging and connected communities could be applied entirely or in part, even to groups not physically or geographically connected. In other words, to communities interacting between real and virtual world, like “Humans of Damascus”.
In October 2016, Rania Kataf created a group on Facebook, that has rapidly grown beyond the seven ancient gates of the Syrian capital. Damascus, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities of the world, has been for its strategic position a nexus of powers and influences coming from everywhere, and left their marks on the city.
Andree Kaiser (*1964) was trained as a photographer in Pankow, a district in East Berlin. He served a prison sentence in various detention centers of the State Security Service, commonly known as the Stasi, for his attempt to flee German Democratic Republic (DDR). Kaiser got out in 1986 as part of a prisoner release. He started his photojournalism career at Reuters in 1988 and afterward joined several agencies, which resulted in several assignments with travels to eastern European countries. Between 1991 and 1993 he conducted several reportages in Bosnia, Croatia, and Serbia for Newsday (New York). His photos following the breakout of the war in former Yugoslavia had been featured in international exhibitions: “Faces of Sorrow: Agony in the Former Yugoslavia” at the US Holocaust Memorial Museum, “Crimes of War” at the International Criminal Tribunal (The Hague), “Yougoslavie: Déchirures” at SIPA Press in Paris. Decades after the Bosnian War, the US Holocaust Memorial Museum hosted Andree Kaiser’s pictures coming from Syria. He went to Azaz, Bab al-Hawa, Asseharia to witness with his camera another war tragedy and another spectacle of horror.
Von Amerika nach Japan – und zurück. Die historischen Wurzeln und Transformationen des Toyotismus
(2010)
Dieser Artikel zeichnet aus wirtschaftshistorischer Perspektive nach, unter welchen Bedingungen sich das Produktionsmodell des Toyotismus in Japan herausgebildet hat. Gezeigt wird, dass der Toyotismus ursprünglich aus einer Hybridisierung des Ford-Systems hervorgegangen ist: Er beruht auf einer Mischung aus japanischen Innovationen, fordistischen bzw. tayloristischen Elementen und heterodoxen Managementlehren aus den USA. Es wird erklärt, was sich hinter den toyotistischen Managementkonzepten kanban, Just-in-time, kaizen etc. verbirgt und wie diese bei Toyota seit den 1950er-Jahren zur Anwendung gelangten. Für die Zeit ab 1980 wird analysiert, wie sich der frühere Wissenstransfer umkehrte: Nun waren es Amerikaner, die von Japan zu lernen versuchten und dortige Konzepte unter dem Schlagwort „Lean Production“ übernahmen. Ob der Toyotismus damit ein internationales Referenzmodell der Produktions- und Arbeitsorganisation darstellt, ist allerdings noch offen.
Milton Friedman hung up the phone in disgruntlement. The most influential economist of the postwar era had just called three different banks, one in Chicago and then two in New York, in order to initiate a financial transaction. He wanted to sell short $300,000 in pound sterling. Short selling is a technique for speculating on falling prices. Initially, speculators can only speculate on rising prices: they buy something and hope that it gains value, so that they can sell it at a profit. If the price for this asset goes down instead, the speculator incurs a loss when he resells it. So in order to profit from falling prices, speculators need to sell first and buy later – which is indeed possible if what is sold now is in fact only to be delivered a few weeks later. If the speculator is right and prices fall in the interim, he can buy cheap just before delivery is due and thus profit from having already sold what, at the time, he had not yet owned.
Der Western im Osten. Genre, Zeitlichkeit und Authentizität im DEFA- und im Hollywood-Western
(2004)
„Die Söhne der großen Bärin“ (1966) war der erste von insgesamt 13 Westernfilmen der DEFA. Die Resonanz des DDR-Publikums war überwältigend – ähnlich wie bei den Karl-May-Verfilmungen in der Bundesrepublik. Der Anspruch der DEFA lautete, „Abenteuerfilme in historischem Gewand“ zu zeigen. Durch geschichtliche Korrektheit wollte man den Gründungsmythos der USA, der im Filmgenre des Western massenmediale Verbreitung erfahren hatte, und auch das tagespolitische Geschehen kritisch kommentieren. Bei einem Vergleich des DEFA-Films „Ulzana“ (1974) und der US-Produktion „Broken Arrow“ (1950), die beide Authentizität reklamierten, wird deutlich, wie an Konventionen von Filmgenres angeknüpft und zugleich durch eine Fiktion von historischer Realität versucht wurde, diese Konventionen zu überwinden. Der Aufsatz untersucht, ob und inwieweit die DEFA-Produktionen das Genre Western ästhetisch und inhaltlich umwandelten.
Der Artikel widmet sich aus medienwissenschaftlicher Perspektive der „televisiven Historiographie“ und speziell dem Format „Virtual History“, welches der Sender „Discovery Channel“ entwickelt hat. Dieses Sendeformat versucht mittels aufwändiger digitaler Techniken, Bildmaterial von historischen Ereignissen neu zu produzieren, das dennoch einer historischen „Realität“ entsprechen soll und als „authentisch“ deklariert wird. Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass das Fernsehen generell weniger dem Authentischen als dem Falschen und der Verfälschung verpflichtet ist, fragt der Artikel nach der „Indexikalität“ virtueller digitaler Fernsehbilder. Im Anschluss an Maurice Halbwachs’ Unterscheidung von Geschichte und Gedächtnis wird die These entwickelt, dass der klassische Film mit der Konstitutionslogik der Geschichte korrespondiert, während das Fernsehen ein paradoxes Gedächtnismedium ist: Indem es überall dabei (gewesen) sein will, unterläuft es die operative Gedächtnisfunktion, zwischen Erinnern und Vergessen zu unterscheiden.