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The development of the modern concept of labour productivity. A contribution to German Business Economics history. The starting point of this article is the reduced output in German factories in the early 1920s, which employers attributed solely to workers’ inefficiency. This was possible because of the long standing lack of a common definition for productivity, particularly in the German-speaking area. This was not the result of historicism, but rather the lack of interdisciplinary and international engagement by German business economics. After World War II international research then provided an unambiguous definition related to a clear concept: that capital is of vital importance for productivity and that therefore a straightforward relationship between output and workers’ efficiency is non-existent.
Early twentieth-century managers identified the human factor in industry as one of the crucial problems of their time. This article reviews recent research on the development from unsystematic labour management to human resources management. Current studies transcend the well-known labour process debate, which focussed on management’s intent to control workers.Growing concern is laid on the fact that some early twentieth-century employers already practised strategies, which are characteristic of post-Fordism, e. g. that it would be more important to utilise individuals than control them with discipline. Studies on scientific management, social engineering, and the human relations approach are reviewed. Furthermore, I shall discuss the question which ones of these concepts were in fact adapted on work floor level. However, it has been proved that regimes of workforce government due to the power of foremen and supervisors were partly independent of higher management’s strategies.
Aspekte einer Theorie der auditiven Kultur. Ästhetische Praxis zwischen Kunst und Wissenschaft
(2010)
In den letzten Jahren wurde viel über die Situation in
den Geisteswissenschaften diskutiert, zur Debatte stand ein Paradigmenwechsel – die Idee der Geisteswissenschaften sollte durch die der Kulturwissenschaften ersetzt werden. Das Bestreben, die aktuellen Lebensverhältnisse in ihren kulturellen, sozialen und gesellschaftlichen Erscheinungsformen zum Thema der Wissenschaft zu machen, hatte zunächst, so könnte man die Entwicklung im 20. Jahrhundert zusammenfassen, die Neugründung von Wissenschaften zur Folge. Dazu gehören, mit unterschiedlichen Akzentuierungen und Orientierungen, Politologie und Soziologie ebenso wie etwa auch die Anthropologie. Diese Entwicklung setzte sich jedoch weiter fort. Die aktuelle Diskussion resultiert daraus, dass nun auch Bereiche erfasst sind, in denen traditionell ein anderes Wissenschaftsverständnis herrscht, nämlich das der Geisteswissenschaften.