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Angaben des Statistischen Bundesamtes zufolge hat aktuell jeder fünfte Einwohner der Bundesrepublik einen »Migrationshintergrund«– ist also entweder selbst seit Anfang der 1950er Jahre eingewandert oder hat mindestens einen Eltern- bzw. Großelternteil, auf den das zutrifft. Eine Zeitgeschichte, die sich als Vorgeschichte der Gegenwart versteht, steht angesichts der gesellschaftlichen Relevanz von Migrationsprozessen für die Bundesrepublik vor der Aufgabe, deren Geschichte in ihrer Vielfalt stärker in ihre Erzählung zu integrieren, statt sie lediglich auf eine demographische Veränderung oder eine Quelle innenpolitischer Konf likte zu reduzieren. Eine solche Integration ist bisher nur für die Geschichte der Vertriebenen erfolgt, allerdings aus einer Perspektive, die sie – zeitgenössischen Deutungsmustern folgend – als von der Geschichte anderer Migrationen getrennt betrachtet.
The introduction to this issue on historical surveillance studies argues for an integrated understanding of surveillance that focuses on the interconnectedness of the state, economy and sciences within the context of different forms of technological revolution. It suggests reading contemporary diagnoses of ‘total surveillance’ from a long-term historical perspective beginning in the seventeenth century. In this light, surveillance is not limited to intelligence history or state control. Rather, it produces patterns of order and data that can be deployed for political processes like urban planning, welfare policy, crime prevention, or the persecution of political opponents. Furthermore, surveillance is also part of the economy, encompassing market and consumption research, advertising, and workplace monitoring. Research into the political and the economic aspects of surveillance should be combined. After defining the term ‘surveillance’ and differentiating between security and surveillance studies, the article provides an overview of different empirical studies in this new historiographical field. It concludes with shortsummaries of the articles collected in this issue.
The introduction to this issue on historical surveillance studies argues for an integrated understanding of surveillance that focuses on the interconnectedness of the state, economy and sciences within the context of different forms of technological revolution. It suggests reading contemporary diagnoses of ‘total surveillance’ from a long-term historical perspective beginning in the seventeenth century. In this light, surveillance is not limited to intelligence history or state control. Rather, it produces patterns of order and data that can be deployed for political processes like urban planning, welfare policy, crime prevention, or the persecution of political opponents. Furthermore, surveillance is also part of the economy, encompassing market and consumption research, advertising, and workplace monitoring. Research into the political and the economic aspects of surveillance should be combined. After defining the term ‘surveillance’ and differentiating between security and surveillance studies, the article provides an overview of different empirical studies in this new historiographical field. It concludes with short summaries of the articles collected in this issue.
History is not only construed and handed down in writing. In popular cultural practice, it has long been edited and can be experienced in many forms. Past debates have not treated these practices well, however, and concentrated primarily on representational forms shaped by historical politics, such as museums and schoolbooks, as well as by entertainment-oriented media, such as television documentaries, feature films and TV-series, video and computer games, as well as non-fiction and novels. In this context, doing history, understood as a discursive and performative visualisation of the past, has hardly been explored, although it has quite a long tradition. In this introduction, we pursue an access that is both theoretical and practical, and draw closer to doing history on the basis of three central pairs of concepts that have strongly influenced the cultural and historiographical debate over the last several years: ›body_emotion‹, ›experience_space‹ as well as ›thing_meaning‹. History is created in the interplay between person, body, space and object. The physical and affective experience influences, in interaction with the evocative experience of presence, as well as the relationship and meaning of the object and the actions and interpretations of individuals, what is capable of leading to sensational, certainly culturally subjectively shaped imaginations from the past.
Die Digitalgeschichte ist in der deutschen Geschichtswissenschaft angekommen. Unter Digitalgeschichte verstehen wir eine neue historische Perspektive auf die fundamentale Umwälzung klassischer historischer Kategorien wie beispielsweise Raum, Zeit, Identität, Arbeit oder Nationalstaat seit der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts durch Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien. Digitalgeschichte beschränkt sich nicht nur auf die Computergeschichte als Geschichte eines spezifischen Artefaktes, sondern umfasst alle auf binärdigitaler Codierung basierenden, elektronischen Technologien, beispielsweise auch Kommunikationsnetzwerke oder Mensch-Maschine-Hybride. Sie ist das deutsche Pendant zur englischen history of computing, hingegen mit dezidiertem Schwerpunkt auf die Zeit seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg bis in die Gegenwart.