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Klaus Nathaus and C. Clayton Childress convincingly argue that cultural and symbolic objects are produced before they are consumed and that therefore cultural historians should take a closer look at the social and economic conditions of cultural production. Instead of taking it for granted that mass reception inversely indicates the existence of a demand already ‘being there’, historians should dig into the production processes influenced (among others) by individual taste, material interest, and arbitrary decisions – or, as Nathaus, Childress and the often cited Richard A. Peterson would call it – contingency. While most of Nathaus and Childress’s examples stem from the field of music, I will in my response apply the cultural production concept to a non-musical field, namely documentary photography in the first half of the twentieth century. Further, I will raise some questions that still seem to be unanswered. Given that the causal relation between production and consumption by and large equals the chicken and egg problem, what sense does it make to shift attention from reception to production – especially when dealing with modifications of objects, commodities, or genres rather than inventions in the sense of ‘there was nothing like this before’? I will suggest to extend the concept beyond the study of ‘classical’ cultural objects – like novels or records – and to include commodities like food, clothes, or cars. Finally, I will raise the question of how to apply the production of culture perspective to socialist economies after 1945, which to my knowledge has not been tried yet.
Brasiliens Moderne 1940-1964
(2014)
Seit dem 27. September 2013 ist im Berliner Museum für Fotografie die Ausstellung Brasiliens Moderne 1940–1964 mit Arbeiten der Fotografen José Medeiros, Thomaz Farkas, Marcel Gautherot und Hans Gunter Flieg zu sehen. Nun ist, etwas verspätet, auch der von Ludger Derenthal und Samuel Titan Jr. herausgegebene Katalog zur Ausstellung im Bielefelder Kerber-Verlag erschienen. Der Band dokumentiert einen Teil der in der Ausstellung gezeigten Fotografien, ergänzt durch einen einleitenden Beitrag, vier werkbiografische Texte über die vorgestellten Fotografen und einen Katalogteil.