Gesellschaftsgeschichte
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Anfang 1933 war die international hochangesehene Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft (KWG) bereits eine vergleichsweise altehrwürdige wissenschaftliche Einrichtung. Gegründet wurde sie 1911 als Großorganisation der deutschen Spitzenforschung. Aufgrund exzellenter Arbeitsbedingungen in den Instituten der KWG konnten zahllose Spitzenforscher gewonnen werden; Namen wie Max Planck, Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Albert Einstein, Adolf Butenandt, Werner Heisenberg und viele andere sagen genug. Institutionell gegliedert war die KWG in fünf große Säulen.
This article evaluates a variety of recent attempts to conceptualize a historyof innovations from the perspective of social history. Special emphasis is given toapproaches arguing for a paradigm shift from innovation systems to innovationcultures, in particular by focussing on users as co-designers of technology. Theconcept of the co-construction of technology has been implemented especially in thethematic field of the integration and disintegration of Europe. The growing circulationof scientific knowledge and technical goods resulted in the “invention of European-ness” in the long 20th century. This article contributes to the discussion by examiningscientifically constructed user projections in the American and German automobileindustries.