Amerika
This article builds on the writing of former asylum inmates in the United States to analyze life on asylum wards between 1890 and 1950. Although published accounts of inmates’ experiences in American asylums have their own limitations as primary sources, they are nevertheless very revealing not only of the day-to-day life of institution inmates, but also of the ways in which former asylum inmates made sense of their experiences. The article relies upon insights from Disability Studies and Mad Studies to analyze life on the wards, work and socialization, relations among inmates, clandestine communication channels, and the formation of informal support groups, such as ›suicide clubs‹ in institutions. ›Mad writers‹ were almost equally women and men. They were white, and often well educated. They used the social and economic advantages that many of them had to create a public space from which they could critique the United States’ burgeoning asylum system. These accounts also laid the groundwork for later twentieth-century mad people’s movements.
Eine oft übersehene Dimension der Auseinandersetzung bundesdeutscher Sicherheitsakteure mit dem international vernetzten Linksterrorismus ab den 1970er-Jahren ist die sogenannte Polizeihilfe für Staaten des Globalen Südens. Bundesdeutsches Know-how und Polizeitechnik made in Germany sollten die Polizeibehörden in Partnerländern modernisieren und so die internationale Anti-Terror-Zusammenarbeit verbessern. Der Aufsatz untersucht die Dynamiken solcher Kooperationen in Lateinamerika und stützt sich dabei vor allem auf Akten der beteiligten Bundesministerien. Westdeutsche Behörden stuften die Region aufgrund ihrer politischen Instabilität als möglichen Rückzugsort terroristischer Gruppen ein. Anders als oft dargestellt, folgten die Programme jedoch kaum einer außen- oder sicherheitspolitischen Gesamtstrategie. Vielmehr entwickelten sich die prestigeträchtigen Polizeihilfen zu einer symbolischen »Währung« für die Aushandlungsprozesse zwischen den Akteuren einer zunehmend transnationalisierten »Inneren Sicherheit«. Partnerschaften zwischen den Sicherheitsinstitutionen von demokratischen Staaten wie der Bundesrepublik und Militärdiktaturen wie Brasilien, Chile oder Peru waren dabei die Regel.
Few of Hannah Arendt’s declarations have had as enduringly a controversial legacy as the one she gave in her famous 1964 West German television conversation with Günter Gaus, proclaiming uncompromised loyalty to her first language – German – despite Hitler. The statement was misconstrued as a privileging of the language of the perpetrators and expressing a bias against Eastern European Jews. In conversation with the recent ›Taytsh turn‹ (Saul Zaritt) in Yiddish Studies, this article focuses instead on two Yiddish newspaper articles published by Arendt in 1942 and 1944 and explores what I call a ›Taytsh move‹ in Arendtʼs language politics. Taytsh, an alternative name for the Yiddish language meaning, literally, German, foregrounds (Jewish) cultures’ inherent translational mode and interconnectivity with the world that makes and sustains these cultures. Arendt reactivated the inherent unbordered nature of languages – with an awareness of the dangers of monolingualism; for the sake of overcoming reductive constructions of Jewishness and modern identity; against the atomizing forces of fascism.