Spionage
Intelligence History
(2021)
From the perspective of the history of intelligence, intelligence services are no longer primarily twilight agent headquarters that operated "dead letter boxes" and developed secret ink. They are foreign policy actors and producers of knowledge for decision-makers. In his contribution, Rüdiger Bergien develops a definition of this field of research. He traces how the academic study of intelligence services has developed since World War II, focusing on the question of how insights into the black box of intelligence services could be gained at different times. Finally, he presents the focal points of previous research and identifies desiderata.
Geheimdienste sind aus der Perspektive der Nachrichtendienstgeschichte / Intelligence History nicht mehr in erster Linie im Zwielicht wirkende Agentenzentralen, die „tote Briefkästen“ betrieben und Geheimtinte entwickelten. Sie sind außenpolitische Akteure und Produzenten von Wissen für Entscheidungsträger*innen. Rüdiger Bergien entwickelt in seinem Beitrag eine Definition dieses Forschungsfelds. Er zeichnet nach, wie sich die wissenschaftliche Beschäftigung mit Nachrichtendiensten seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg entwickelt hat, wobei die Frage im Mittelpunkt steht, wie zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten überhaupt Einblicke in die Blackbox Nachrichtendienst gewonnen werden konnten. Schließlich stellt er die Schwerpunkte der bisherigen Forschung vor und benennt Desiderate.
The introduction to this issue on historical surveillance studies argues for an integrated understanding of surveillance that focuses on the interconnectedness of the state, economy and sciences within the context of different forms of technological revolution. It suggests reading contemporary diagnoses of ‘total surveillance’ from a long-term historical perspective beginning in the seventeenth century. In this light, surveillance is not limited to intelligence history or state control. Rather, it produces patterns of order and data that can be deployed for political processes like urban planning, welfare policy, crime prevention, or the persecution of political opponents. Furthermore, surveillance is also part of the economy, encompassing market and consumption research, advertising, and workplace monitoring. Research into the political and the economic aspects of surveillance should be combined. After defining the term ‘surveillance’ and differentiating between security and surveillance studies, the article provides an overview of different empirical studies in this new historiographical field. It concludes with shortsummaries of the articles collected in this issue.