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This article examines the rise of aeromobile sprawl, which is defined here as aviation’s socio-environmental impact on people, places, and things, in Canada during the 1970s. It links aeromobile sprawl largely to state-led airport development and the effect that upgrading, expanding, and building new airports had on communities and landscapes. Accordingly, it shows that while aeromobile sprawl was to some extent an outcome of postwar developments not limited to aviation, the Canadian government and its partners also contributed to sprawl by endorsing various policies and strategies that shifted over the period in question. At the same time, these actions did not go unnoticed. Public critiques of aeromobile sprawl emerged as people increasingly objected to larger and busier airports operating near populated and non-industrial areas. This article demonstrates that debates in Canada about airport development and the rapid growth of aviation revealed sharply diverging views about how to best accommodate the mobility requirements of mass air travel within the country’s natural and built environments in the 1970s.
In the aftermath of World War II, the political and geographical isolation of the Western parts of the former German capital also cut economic hinterland ties and caused an exodus of industrial companies. In consequence, West Berlin soon became dependent on West German transfer payments to balance the city’s budget. At the same time, a system of tax preferences was created to foster private investment and employment in the isolated city. The complex of subsidies was maintained and even expanded during the following decades though its negative economic effects became obvious in the second half of the 1960s. The article focuses the conceptual significance of subsidies in industrial policy as well as their factual impact on Berlin’s economic development from the early 1960s to the late 1980s, i.e. in a period of massive structural change. It comes to the conclusion that the persistence of subsidization should be explained primarily by its symbolic political value and by a lack of alternatives.
Wie klingt Sozialismus im urbanen Raum einer DDR-Bezirkshauptstadt? Diese Frage verknüpft Überlegungen zur Soundgeschichte einer Stadt mit den Aspekten Umwelt und öffentliche Hygiene. Lärm als Problemlage des städtischen Raumes auszumachen, erforderte Perspektivenwechsel, die nicht nur das DDR-Gesundheitswesen vor Herausforderungen stellte. Gesund zu werden, gesund zu bleiben, galten als Anforderungen öffentlich-administrativer Vorgaben an die private Lebensgestaltung. Die entsprechenden Voraussetzungen dafür zu schaffen, das steckte sich die sozialistische Gesundheitsverwaltung als eines ihrer Ziele und Kernaufgaben.
Stadtgeschichte
(2016)
Das 20. Jahrhundert lässt sich als „urban century” begreifen. Doch besteht bei aller Forschungsdynamik nicht wirklich ein Konsens darüber, was das Feld jenseits seines Gegenstandsbezugs eigentlich zusammenhält. Warum sind Städte gerade in jüngster Zeit zu immer prominenteren Gegenständen der Forschung geworden? Malte Zierenberg stellt Definitionsansätze vor, die zu klären versuchen, was die Stadtgeschichte eigentlich ausmacht, beschreibt interdisziplinäre Einflüsse, die für die moderne Stadtgeschichtsschreibung von Beginn an wichtig waren, und gibt einen Überblick zu aktuellen Forschungsthemen und Begriffen.